Types of Magma

First, we will let you know what is the meaning of MAGMA;

According to Wikipedia, magma is a mixture of molten or semi-molten rock, volatile and solids, that is found beneath the surface of the Earth, and is expected to exist on other terrestrial planets and some natural satellites.

- magma is melted rock under the ground.

- hot fluid or semi-fluid material below or within the earth's crust from which lava and other igneous rock is formed by cooling.

- is a mixture of liquid rock, crystals, and gas. Characterized by a wide range of chemical compositions, with high temperature, and properties of a liquid.

- Magma's may also include dissolved gases and minor amounts of solid minerals.

FACTS ABOUT MAGMA :)

• Magma is the source of igneous rocks ; it can intrude or force itself into surrounding rock where it cools and eventually hardens.if magma rises all the way to Earth's surface it will extrude (push out), flowing or erupting out at the surface as lava, forming extrusive igneous rock (also called volcanic rock).

• Magma is generated within Earth's mantle, the thick layer between Earth's crust and outer core.Pockets, or chambers of magma, can originate at various depths within the earth.

• The composition of the magma varies and indicates the source materials and depth from which they originated. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) is the predominant ingredient

• A layer of searing hot liquid magma trapped since Earth's formation may lie 1,800 miles (2,900 kilometers) beneath our feet, new research suggests.

• In magma, Other ingredients include aluminum oxide, iron , magnesium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium, manganese, phosphorus, and water

TYPES OF MAGMA : )

1.Basaltic magma's

- is molten rock enriched in iron and magnesium and depleted in silica. Basaltic magma's are formed by exceeding the melting point of the mantle either by adding heat, changing its composition, or decreasing its pressure

- Basaltic lava is the most abundant lava on earth

- When mafic lava cools on the earth's surface, it forms basalt, which is why mafic lava is commonly called 'basaltic lava.'

-Mafic is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which are relatively high in the heavier elements. The term is derived from using the MA from magnesium and the FIC from the Latin word for iron, but mafic magmas also are relatively enriched in calcium and sodium.

- rocks contain abundant dark-colored minerals (olivine, pyroxene, and plagioclase). They are compositionally rich in Fe, Mg, and Ca.

2. Andesetic magma

-A gray, fine-grained volcanic rock.

-Andesite consists mainly of sodium-rich plagioclase and one or more mafic minerals such as biotite, hornblende, or pyroxene.

-It often contains small, visible crystals (phenocrysts) of plagioclase. It is the fine-grained equivalent of diorite.

3. Felsic magma

-is the sort that's rich in feldspar and silica (quartz). As opposed to mafic magma, which is rich in magnesium and iron (Fe to chemists).

-Felsic magma used to be called 'acid'. ... Its high silica content causes it to be viscous, ie sticky, so eruptions of it tend to be violent and messy.

- refers to igneous rocks that are relatively rich in elements that form feldspar and quartz.[1] It is contrasted with mafic rocks, which are relatively richer in magnesium and iron. Felsic refers to those rocks rich in silicate minerals, magma, and rocks which are enriched in the lighter elements such as silicon, oxygen, aluminium, sodium, and potassium.

- is used for silicate minerals, magmas, and rocks which have a lower percentage of the heavier elements, and are correspondingly enriched in the lighter elements, such as silicon and oxygen, aluminum, and potassium.

4. Ultramafic magma

-are igneous and meta-igneous rocks with a very low silica content (less than 45%), generally >18% MgO, high FeO, low potassium, and are composed of usually greater than 90% mafic minerals (dark colored, high magnesium and iron content).

-The Earth's mantle is composed of ultramafic rocks. Ultrabasic is a more inclusive term that includes igneous rocks with low silica content that may not be extremely enriched in Fe and Mg, such as carbonatites and ultrapotassic igneous rocks.

- rocks consist almost exclusively of Fe and Mg-rich minerals from the mantle (olivine and pyroxene, but no plagioclase). They are compositionally rich in Fe, Mg, and Ca, but poor in Si.